Organelle+Test

**Organelles** A. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic 1. __Eukaryotic__ cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't. 2. In __eukaryotic cells__, __organelles__ are used to breakdown materials, produce energy, and eliminate wastes. 3. Cells with a nucleus are __eukaryotic__. 4. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have __cell membranes__, __cytoplasm__, and __hereditary material__.5. Of the two types of cells, all __eukaryotic__ cells have organelles and nuclei.6. Cells without a nucleus are __prokaryotic__.7. The two kinds of cells are __prokaryotic__ and __eukaryotic__. B. Cell membrane 1. The __cell membrane__ regulates what enters and leaves the cell. 2. In plant cells, the __cell membrane__ is located just inside the cell wall. 3. The __cell membrane__ controls what enters and leaves the cell through special proteins embedded in a double layered fat-like substance. 4. The __cell membrane__ is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)

C. Cytoplasm __1Cytoplasm__ is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. 2. __Cytoplasm__ is a thick substance containing cell parts found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.

D. Nucleus 1. The __nucleus__ directs every activity of the cells. 2. The nucleus stores the genetic __code__ for all the structures produced and activities carried out by the cell. 3. In eukaryotic cells, the __nucleus__ is surrounded by a membrane with openings to allow certain substances in and out.

E. Genetic material 1. The long thread like pieces of material that contains the code for the cell's structure and activities are called __chromosomes__. 2. During cell division the DNA forms structures called __chromosomes.__ 1. The __chromosomes__ in the nucleus are the instructions for the products and activities of a cell. 2. C__hromosomes__ are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.

F. Nucleolus 1. __The nucleolus__ makes ribosome parts that leave the nucleus through pores and are assembled in the cytoplasm. 2. The nucleolus located in the nucleus and makes __ribosome parts__. 3. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.

G. Endoplasmic reticulum 1. The __endoplasmic reticulum__ is a series of folded membranes that moves substances around the cell. 2. The __Endoplasmic__ extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

H. Ribosome 1. __Ribosomes__ are either free floating or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 2.Ribosomes make proteins.

I. Golgi body 1.__Golgi bodies__ are flat stacks of membranes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. 2.__Golgi bodies__ sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.

J. Vacuoles 1. __Vacuoles__ are membrane sacs for temporary storage of needed materials.

K. Lysosome 1. __Lysosomes__ contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts. 2. Digestive chemicals in the __lysosomes__ are released and breaks down a cell when it dies.

L. Mitochondria 1.__Mitochondria__ release the energy in food to a form the cell can use called ATP. 2. The more active a cell is the more __mitochondria__ it will have. 3. __Mitochondria__ require oxygen to release the energy in food to make ATP. 4. __Mitochondria__ are organelles that have an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space.

M. Cytoskeleton 1. The framework inside a cell is called the __cytoskeleton__. 2. Animal cells get their shape from __cytoskeletons__. 3. The __cytoskeleton__ is made of protein tubes and fibers. 4. __Cytoskeletons__ give cells: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement. 5. The __cytoskeleton__ is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.

N. Cell wall 1. __Cell walls__ in plants are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers. 2. The __cell walls__ of plants are made of __cellulose__. 3. If there is a cell wall, it will be outside of the __cell membrane__. 4. The function of cell wall is to give the cell __shape, structure, and protection.__ 5. Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have __cell walls__, animal cells don't.

O. Chloroplasts 1. Through the process of photosynthesis, __chloroplasts__ use the energy from light to joint water and carbon dioxide to make a sugar called glucose. 2. __Chloroplasts__ can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles. 3. The energy supply for almost all animal food chains comes from __chloroplasts__. 4.__Chlorophyll__ in chloroplasts captures light energy that is use to make a sugar called glucose.

P. Organelle 1. Most organelles are enclosed in __membranes__. 2. Most organelles are surrounded by __membrane__ that mediate important cellular processes. 3. In eukaryotic cells, __organelles__ are found in the cytoplasm.